ဝါက်ဖြဲ႔ထံုး အႏွစ္ခ်ဳပ္ - လက္ေတြ႔စာဖတ္ျခင္း

<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrY2a90PpibOPkO5ROcgjuzOOx_mMv5GwPPqHZFbElUESHQS-dmrs_dHx0L8IzXNwVSmhlyIqki20tHvMu9bA19edolJKszrd4iSawBzRwTWE9DPfcpQuUBY8vbjjMw9yIT4QvXe7pyHo/s1600/COC8.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrY2a90PpibOPkO5ROcgjuzOOx_mMv5GwPPqHZFbElUESHQS-dmrs_dHx0L8IzXNwVSmhlyIqki20tHvMu9bA19edolJKszrd4iSawBzRwTWE9DPfcpQuUBY8vbjjMw9yIT4QvXe7pyHo/s1600/COC8.jpg" /></a></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"> <b><u><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";"><br /></span></u></b></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"> <b><u><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">လက္ေတြ႕စာဖတ္ျခင္း<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">          တင္ျပခဲ့ၿပီးျဖစ္ေသာ “ဝါက်ဖြဲ႕ထံုး အႏွစ္ခ်ဳပ္” စာဖတ္နည္းကို အသံုးျပဳကာ လက္ေတြ႕ စာဖတ္ရာတြင္ မည္သို႔ အသံုးျပဳမည္ကို ဆက္လက္တင္ျပ ပါမည္။ လြယ္ကူသည့္ ဝါက်မ်ားမွ တျဖည္းျဖည္း ခက္လာသည့္ ဝါက်မ်ား ျဖင့္ စီစဥ္ထားပါသည္။<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Zawgyi-One;">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">       </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">The city o f Verona <b>in Italy <u>was</u> </b>a city <b>divided</b> by hatred.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">အမုန္းတရားျဖင့္ ႏွစ္ပိုင္းပုိင္းထားေသာ ၿမိဳ႕သည္ <b>အီတလီတြင္ရွိေသာ </b>ဗီ႐ိုနာၿမိဳ႕ ျဖစ္ပါသည္။<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">ရွင္းလင္းခ်က္ ။  ။ အထက္ပါဝါက်တြင္ was ႀကိယာ တစ္ခုတည္းပါသည့္အတြက္ Simple Sentence ျဖစ္ပါသည္။ was ေနာက္တြင္ပါေသာ စကားစုသည္ အျဖည့္ပုဒ္(C) ျဖစ္ပါသည္။ past participle adj ျဖစ္ေသာေၾကာင့္ ‘<b>ေသာ</b>’ ျဖင့္ အနက္ေကာက္ရပါသည္။ In Italy သည္ ၎ေရွ႕တြင္ ရွိေသာ ဗီ႐ိုနာကို အထူးျပဳေသာေၾကာင့္ Adj Phrase ျဖစ္ၿပီး ‘<b>ေသာ</b>’ ျဖင့္ အနက္ေကာက္ရပါသည္။ ဤဝါက်ကို was ႀကိယာေရွ႕က ေသာ္လည္း ေကာင္း၊ ေနာက္က ေသာ္လည္းေကာင္း စတင္ကာ အနက္ေကာက္ယူ ႏုိင္ပါသည္။<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Zawgyi-One;">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">       </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">There <b>was </b>a bitter quarrel <b>between its two most powerful families</b>, the Montagues and Capulets.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">မြန္ေတဂူႏွင့္ ကာာျပဳလက္ ဟူသည့္ တန္ခိုးၾသဇာ ႀကီးမားေသာ <b>မိသားစုႏွစ္ခုၾကားတြင္</b> ျပင္းထန္ေသာ ရန္ပြဲ ျဖစ္ခဲ့ပါသည္။<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">ရွင္းလင္းခ်က္ ။  ။ မြန္ေတဂူ ႏွင့္ ကာျပဳလက္ကို ဂုဏ္ရည္တူ ထပ္တူျပဳကာ ကပ္ထားပါသည္။ Noun and Apposition ပံုစံ ျဖစ္ပါသည္။ was ႀကိယာ တစ္ခုတည္းပါသည့္အတြက္ Simple Sentence ျဖစ္ပါသည္။ between its two most powerful families သည္ Preposition ႏွင့္ Noun အစုေပါင္းထားေသာ Phrase ျဖစ္ၿပီး quarrel သည္ ဘယ္ေနရာမွာ ျဖစ္သည္ကို ေဖာ္ျပေသာေၾကာင့္ Adv Phrase ျဖစ္ၿပီး ‘<b>တြင္</b>’ ျဖင့္ အနက္ေကာက္ပါသည္။ Phrase က စၿပီး အနက္ေကာက္ရပါသည္။<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Zawgyi-One;">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">       </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">Mrs Jones was <b>in the kitchen</b>.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">မီးဖိုေဆာင္ထဲတြင္ မစၥဂ်ဳံး ရွိသည္။<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">ရွင္းလင္းခ်က္ ။  ။ in the kitchen သည္ Noun ႏွင့္ Preposition ေပါင္းထားေသာ Phrase ျဖစ္ၿပီး မစၥဂ်ဳံး ဘယ္မွာရွိသည္ဆိုတာ <b>ေနရာ</b> ျပေပးသျဖင့္ Adv Phrase ျဖစ္သည္။ ‘<b>ထဲမွာ</b>’ ျဖင့္  စတင္ကာ အနက္ေကာက္ယူသည္။<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Zawgyi-One;">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">       </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">He <b>washed </b>quickly<b> because it <u>was</u> cold</b>.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">ေအးေသာေၾကာင့္ အလွ်င္အျမန္ သူ ေဆးေၾကာသည္။<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">ရွင္းလင္းခ်က္ ။  ။ washed ႏွင့္ was ႀကိယာႏွစ္ခု ပါေသာေၾကာင့္ Simple Sentence မဟုတ္ေတာ့ပါ။ because သည္ Subordinate Conjunction (<b>သူတစ္ပါးကို မွီခိုေသာ စကားဆက္</b>) ျဖစ္၍ ၎က စတင္ကာ အနက္ေကာက္ယူၿပီး ‘<b>ေသာေၾကာင့္</b>’ ျဖင့္ အနက္ေကာက္သည္။ Conjunction သည္ Subordinate ျဖစ္သျဖင့္ Complex Sentence ျဖစ္ပါသည္။<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Zawgyi-One;">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">       </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">He could <b>smell</b> the breakfast which his mother had <b>prepared for him</b>.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">သူ႔အတြက္ သူ႔အေမ ခ်က္ျပဳတ္ေပးေသာ နံနက္စာကို သူအန႔ံ ရသည္။<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">ရွင္းလင္းခ်က္။   ။ ဤဝါက်တြင္လည္း smell ႏွင့္ prepared ႀကိယာ ႏွစ္ခု ပါသျဖင့္ Simple Sentence မဟုတ္ဘဲ Complex Sentence ျဖစ္သည္။ prepared ဟူေသာ ႀကိယာ (verb) ေရွ႕တြင္ စကားဆက္ (which) ပါရွိၿပီး breakfast ဟူသည့္ Noun ကို အထူးျပဳေသာေၾကာင့္ Adj Clause ျဖစ္သျဖင့္ ‘<b>ေသာ</b>’ ျဖင့္ အနက္ေကာက္သည္။ which clause တြင္ for him ဟူေသာ Noun Phrase ပါရွိ၍ ၎ Phrase က စတင္ကာ ေရွ႕သို႔ အနက္ေကာက္သြားသည္။<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Zawgyi-One;">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">       </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">Peter sat down <b>and</b> ate breakfast.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">ပီတာထိုင္(သည္။) <b>ၿပီးေနာက္ </b>နံနက္စာ စားသည္။<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">ရွင္းလင္းခ်က္ ။  ။ and ၏ေရွ႕တြင္ down ဟူေသာ preposition ရွိၿပီး ေနာက္တြင္ ate (verb) ရွိေနကာ ဝါစဂၤ(part of speech) မတူသျဖင့္ and ၏ ဝါက်ႏွင့္ ေနာက္က ဝါက်ကို သီးျခားစီ အနက္ေကာက္ရသည္။<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">**************************************************************<o:p></o:p></span>**********</div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">(ေက်းဇူးရွင္ ဆရာႀကီး ဦးျမႀကိဳင္အား ဤစာစု ျဖင့္ ဦးခိုက္ပူေဇာ္ပါသည္။)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">အဂၤလိပ္ဘာသာစကား ေလ့လာသူတိုင္း စာေရးသားရာတြင္၊ စာဖတ္ရာတြင္ အဆင္ေျပေျပ လြယ္လြယ္ကူကူ ေလ့လာ ဖတ္႐ႈ မွတ္သား ေရးသား ႏိုင္ၾကပါေစ ……<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <br /> <div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: right;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">ေအာင္ကိုဦး (UMK)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: right;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">Be the Best !</span></div>

ဝါက်ဖြဲ႔ထံုး အႏွစ္ခ်ဳပ္ - လက္ေတြ႔စာဖတ္ျခင္း

လက္ေတြ႕စာဖတ္ျခင္း           တင္ျပခဲ့ၿပီးျဖစ္ေသာ “ဝါက်ဖြဲ႕ထံုး အႏွစ္ခ်ဳပ္” စာဖတ္နည္းကို အသံုးျပဳကာ လက္ေတြ႕ စာဖတ္ရာတြင္ မည္သို႔ အသံုး...

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ဝါက်ဖြဲ႔ထံုး အႏွစ္ခ်ဳပ္ - အပိုင္း (၇)

<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> </div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3NFpgTmtzb3vtqd0Cliwcc25xvyus9hR6JAjqhmAbGPtEabsgF8-5XBB8ntFCt8pH6cfxzNryIrRwihERox-kOnzYaEj9fmXPijyajtXNat0JomaFiQp-WlQdt6P-ryR8IaJorC32Z8c/s1600/COC7.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3NFpgTmtzb3vtqd0Cliwcc25xvyus9hR6JAjqhmAbGPtEabsgF8-5XBB8ntFCt8pH6cfxzNryIrRwihERox-kOnzYaEj9fmXPijyajtXNat0JomaFiQp-WlQdt6P-ryR8IaJorC32Z8c/s1600/COC7.jpg" /></a></div> <div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Zawgyi-One;">7.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;">   </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><u><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">It<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">အမ်ားအားျဖင့္ ‘It’ ကို နာမ္စား(pronoun) အျဖစ္ အသိမ်ားၾကၿပီး ‘ထိုဟာ’ ၊ ‘၎’ ဟု အဓိပၸာယ္ ေကာက္ၾကပါသည္။ ‘It’ ကို နာမ္စား(pronoun) အျဖစ္ အသံုးျပဳလွ်င္ “အရာဝတၳဳ (material)၊ တိရိစာၦန္ (animals)၊ ကေလး (baby)” စသည့္ နာမ္ (noun) မ်ားတြင္ အစားသံုးႏိုင္သည္။ ဥပမာ -<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">I bought a book yesterday. <b>It</b> is very good. (အရာဝတၳဳ)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">I keep a cat in my house.<b> It</b> has beautiful tail. (တိရိစာၦန္)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">He loves the baby. So he kisses <b>it</b>. (ကေလး)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">ယခု တင္ျပမည့္ ‘It’ သည္ နာမ္ (noun) ေနရာတြင္ အစားသံုးေသာ နာမ္စား (pronoun) မဟုတ္ဘဲ ကတၱား (Subject) ေနရာတြင္ အစားသံုးေသာ Subject Substitution (သို႔မဟုတ္) Filler အျဖစ္သံုးေသာ ပံုစံျဖစ္ပါသည္။ အဆိုပါ ပံုစံသည္ ကတၱား (Subject) ေနရာတြင္ အစားထိုးကာ သံုးထားေသာ္လည္း ဘာသာျပန္ဆိုရာတြင္ ထည့္သြင္း အနက္ေကာက္ရန္ မလိုအပ္ပါ။ သို႔ရာတြင္ ‘It’ မပါဘဲ လည္း ေရး၍ မရပါ။ ‘It’ ကို Subject Substitution (သို႔မဟုတ္) Filler အျဖစ္သံုးေသာ ပံုစံ ၄ မ်ိဳးေတြ႕ရပါသည္။ ၎တို႔မွာ -<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 63.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">Time     (T)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 63.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">Weather (W)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 63.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">Distance (D)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 63.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">Situation (S)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 63.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 63.0pt; text-align: justify;"> <u><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">Time (T)<o:p></o:p></span></u></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 63.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">အခ်ိန္ကို ေဖာ္ျပလိုလွ်င္ ကတၱား (Subject) ေနရာတြင္ ‘It’ ကို ထည့္ကာ ေရးရ ပါသည္။ <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 63.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">It is eight o’ clock. (၈ နာရီ ထိုးၿပီ)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 63.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">What time is it? (ဘယ္ႏွစ္နာရီ ထိုးၿပီလဲ?)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 63.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 63.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">It takes me one hour to go down town. (ၿမိဳ႕ထဲ သြားရင္ ၁ နာရီေလာက္ ၾကာမယ္)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 63.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">How long does it take you to go down town? (မင္း ၿမိဳ႕ထဲသြားရင္ ဘယ္ေလာက္ ၾကာမလဲ?)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 63.0pt; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">အခ်ိန္ႏွင့္ ပတ္သက္၍ ေရးသားလွ်င္ နာရီခ်ိန္ (Clock Time) ႏွင့္ ၾကာခ်ိန္ (Duration Time) ပံုစံ ၂ မ်ိဳးကို ေတြ႕ရပါသည္။ ၾကာခ်ိ္န္ ကို ေဖာ္ျပလိုလွ်င္ ေအာက္ပါ ပံုစံကို မွတ္သားထား ရပါမည္။<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt;"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0in; tab-stops: 63.0pt; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">It will take/ takes/ took (object) to + V<o:p></o:p></span></div> </div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 63.0pt; text-align: justify;"> <u><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">Weather (W)<o:p></o:p></span></u></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">          ရာသီဥတု အေျခအေနကို ေဖာ္ျပလွ်င္လည္း ‘It’ ကို ကတၱားေနရာတြင္ အစား ထိုးကာ ေရးသားရပါမည္။<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">It is hot.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">It is cold.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">It is warm.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">It rains.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">It snows.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 63.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 63.0pt; text-align: justify;"> <u><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">Distance (D)<o:p></o:p></span></u></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">          ခရီးအကြာအေဝးကို ေဖာ္ျပလိုပါက လည္း ကတၱား ေနရာတြင္ ‘It’ ျဖင့္ ေရး ရပါမည္။<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">It is four hundreds miles from Yangon to Mandalay. (ရန္ကုန္ ႏွင့္ မႏၱေလး မိုင္ ၄ဝဝ ေဝးပါသည္။)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">How far is it from Yangon to Mandalay? (ရန္ကုန္ နဲ႔ မႏၱေလး ဘယ္ေလာက္ေဝးလဲ)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt;"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: center;"> <b>It is (distance) from (_______) to (_______).<o:p></o:p></b></div> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: center;"> <b>How far is it from (_______) to (_______)?<o:p></o:p></b></div> </div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 63.0pt; text-align: justify;"> <u><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">Situation (S)<o:p></o:p></span></u></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">          အေျခအေန အမ်ိဳးမ်ိဳးကို ေဖာ္ျပရာတြင္လည္း ‘It’ ကို ကတၱား အျဖစ္ သံုးရ ပါသည္။<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">It is sweet to eat sugar. (သၾကားစားရင္ ခ်ိဳတယ္)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">It is difficult to find a job without qualifications. (အရည္အခ်င္းမရွိဘဲ အလုပ္ရွာရတာ ခက္တယ္)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">It is difficult to run a business without capital. (အရင္အႏွီး မရွိဘဲ စီးပြားေရး လုပ္ဖို႔ ခက္တယ္)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">It is easy to come to my house by bus. (ကၽြန္ေတာ့္ အိမ္ကို ကားနဲ႔လာဖို႔ လြယ္တယ္)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">It is difficult to com to my house by train. (ကၽြန္ေတာ့္ အိမ္ကို ရထားနဲ႔လာဖို႔ ခက္တယ္)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">အထက္ေဖာ္ျပပါ Situation Sentences ဥပမာ ပံုစံမ်ားတြင္ ‘It’ ကို Subject အျဖစ္ အစားထိုးကာ သံုးထားျခင္း ျဖစ္ပါသည္။ တစ္ခါတစ္ရံ ကိစၥရပ္တစ္ခုသည္ ျပဳလုပ္သူ Subject အေပၚတြင္ မူတည္က အေျခအေန မတူညီႏိုင္ေသာေၾကာင့္ Subject က မပါမျဖစ္ ပါလာၿပီး ‘it’ က Object ေနရာတြင္ သံုးသည္ကို ေတြ႔ရပါသည္။ ထိုကဲ့သို႔ ျပဳလုပ္သူ Subject ပါဝင္ၿပီး ‘it’ ကို Object အျဖစ္သံုးေသာ အခါ ေအာက္ပါ ပံုစံျဖင့္ ေရးသား သည္ကို ေတြ႔ရပါသည္။<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt;"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: center;"> <b>S + find/ make + it + easy/ hard (Adjective) + to + V<o:p></o:p></b></div> </div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">ျပဳလုပ္သူ Subject သည္ သက္ရွိျဖစ္လွ်င္ ‘find’ ကို သံုးရၿပီး၊ သက္မဲ့ျဖစ္လွ်င္ ‘make’ ကိုသံုးရပါသည္။ easy ႏွင့္ hard ေနရာတြင္ မိမိ ေျပာလိုေသာ အေျခအေန အေပၚတြင္ မူတည္ကာ အသံုးျပဳလိုေသာ Adjective တစ္ခုခု ကို အစားထိုးေရးသားႏိုင္ပါသည္။ ဥပမာ -<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">I find it easy to teach my younger sister. (ညီမေလးကို စာသင္ရတာ လြယ္တယ္)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">I find it hard to teach my younger brother. (ညီေလးကို စာသင္ရတာ ခက္တယ္)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">v<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">  </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">ျပဳလုပ္သူ Subject က သက္ရွိျဖစ္သည့္ အတြက္ ‘find’ ကို သံုးပါသည္။<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">Tico makes it easy to park. (တီကိုကား က ရပ္ရတာလြယ္တယ္)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">Lorry makes it hard to park. (ေလာ္ရီကား က ရပ္ရတာမလြယ္ဘူး)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">v<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">  </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">ျပဳလုပ္သူ Subject က သက္မဲ့ျဖစ္သည့္အတြက္ ‘make’ ကို သံုးပါသည္။<br /> <!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br /> <!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">Airplane is comfortable to travel. (ေလယာဥ္ပ်ံက ခရီးသြားရတာ သက္ေတာင့္ သက္သာ ျဖစ္တယ္.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">Facebook is good to share our knowledge. (ေဖ့စ္ဘြခ္ က ဗဟုသုတေတြ မွ်ေဝ လို႔ေကင္းတယ္)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">Google is fast to search the facts. ( ဂူးဂဲလ္ က အခ်က္အလက္ေတြ ရွာရတာ ျမန္တယ္)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">v<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">  </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">easy ႏွင့္ hard ေနရာတြင္ အသံုးျပဳလိုေသာ Adjective တစ္ခုခုကို သံုးႏိုင္ပါသည္။<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">‘It’ ကို Time, Weather, Distance, Situation ပံုစံအျပင္ ‘Identification’ ဟုေခၚေသာ တစ္စံုတစ္ေယာက္ကို ဘယ္သူ ဘယ္ဝါ ျဖစ္ေၾကာင္းေဖာ္ျပလိုသည့္ အခါတြင္လည္း သံုးႏိုင္ပါသည္။ ဥပမာ - <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">Who is it? (ဘယ္သူလဲ?)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">It is a postman. (စာပို႔သမား ပါ)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">It’s me. (ငါ ပါ)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">v<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">  </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">It is a postman. ႏွင့္ He is a postman. ဟူေသာ ဝါက် ၂ ေၾကာင္းသည္ အဓိပၸာယ္သက္ေရာက္ပံုမႈ မတူညီပါ။<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">It is a postman. သည္ ဘယ္သူဘယ္ဝါ ျဖစ္ေၾကာင္းကို ေဖာ္ျပၿပီး He is a postman. သည္ သူ၏ ရာထူး အလုပ္အကိုင္ကို ေဖာ္ျပျခင္း ျဖစ္ပါသည္။<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">တစ္ခါတစ္ရံ မိမိေျပာလို ေရးလိုေသာ ကိစၥတစ္ခု ကို အထူးျပဳလိုေသာ အခါ ‘It’ ကို Conjunction မ်ားျဖစ္ေသာ that, who, where, when မ်ားႏွင့္ တြဲကာ ေရးသားသည္ ကိုလည္း ေတြ႕ရတတ္သည္။<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";"> ဥပမာ -<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">I bought a car last month. (ၿပီးခဲ့တဲ့လက ငါ ကားတစ္စီးဝယ္ခဲ့တယ္)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">It is this car that I bought last month. (အဲဒီကားေပါ့ ငါ ၿပီးခဲ့တဲ့လက ဝယ္ခဲ့တာ)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">I want to meet this girl. (အဲဒီေကာင္မေလးကို ငါ ေတြ႕ခ်င္တယ္)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">It is this girl who I want to meet. (အဲဒီေကာင္မေလးေပါ့ ငါေတြ႕ခ်င္ေနတာ)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">We meet at bus stop. (ကၽြန္ေတာ္တို႔ ႏွစ္ေယာက္ ကားမွတ္တိုင္မွာ ဆံုၾကတယ္)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">It is bus stop where we meet. (ကားမွတ္တိုင္မွာေပါ့ ကၽြန္ေတာ္တို႔ ဆံုၾကတာ)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">I bought a shirt last month. (ကၽြန္ေတာ္ ၿပီးခဲ့တဲ့လက အက်ႌတစ္ထည္ ဝယ္ခဲ့တယ္)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">It was last month when I bought this shirt. (ၿပီးခဲ့တဲ့လကမွ အက်ႌတစ္ထည္ ဝယ္ခဲ့တယ္)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">It is this shirt that I bought last month. (ဒီအက်ႌေပါ့ ၿပီးခဲ့တဲ့လက ဝယ္ခဲ့တာ)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">v<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">  </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">မူလ ဝါက်ပံုစံကို မိမိ အဓိကေျပာလိုေသာ အေၾကာင္းအရာကို ‘It’ ျဖင့္ ေရွ႕ထုတ္ကာ သက္ဆိုင္ရာ Conjunction မ်ားျဖင့္တြဲၿပီး ေရးသားႏိုင္ပါသည္။<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">**************************************************************</span><span style="font-size: 14.666666984558105px; line-height: 17px;">*******************</span><br /> <span style="font-size: 14.666666984558105px; line-height: 17px;"><br /></span> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <b><u><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">အေထြေထြတင္ျပခ်က္မ်ား<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">          လက္ေတြ႔ စာဖတ္ေသာအခါ ေရွ႕တြင္ တင္ျပခဲ့ေသာ ပံုစံမ်ားျဖင့္ ဖတ္႐ႈရန္ အဆင္မေျပႏိုင္ေသာ ဝါက်အခ်ိဳ႕၊ အေၾကာင္းအရာအခ်ိဳ႕ ကို ဆက္လက္ တင္ျပပါမည္။<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">It all began.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">အဲဒါ စခဲ့တာ ၾကာၿပီ (ဝါက်၏ အစပိုင္းတြင္ ေတြ႕ရမည္)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">Just as … (သလိုပဲ၊ အတိုင္းပဲ)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">Just as she though, Mary made mistakes.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">သူထင္တဲ့ အတိုင္း ေမရီ အမွွားလုပ္ေတာ့တာပဲ။<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">be going to + V (ေတာ့မလို႔)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">I’m going to go out.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">အျပင္ သြားေတာ့မလို႔။<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">would rather/ would sooner (ပဲ/ ေရြးခ်ယ္ျခင္းအနက္)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">I would rather take tea.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">ကၽြန္ေတာ္ လက္ဖက္ရည္ပဲ ေသာက္ေတာ့မယ္။<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">Come …… (ကိုင္း/ ဝါက်အစတြင္ ရွိသည္)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">Come, let’s start.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">ကိုင္း စၾကစို႔။<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">Look …… (ေရာ္ ခက္ၿပီ)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">Look I said I didn’t know. I don’t like people asking questions.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">ေရာ္ခက္ၿပီ၊ ငါမသိပါဘူးဆိုမွ ေမးခြန္းေတြေမးတဲ့လူ ငါ မႀကိဳက္ဘူးကြာ။<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">(ဤဝါက်တြင္ ၾကည့္၊ မသိပါဘူးဆိုမွဟု အနက္ေကာက္ႏိုင္ပါသည္။ သို႔ရာတြင္ ေန႔စဥ္သံုး ၾကည့္သည္၊ ျမင္သည္ တို႔ႏွင့္ လြဲမွား ႏိုင္သျဖင့္ “<b>ေရာ္ ခက္ၿပီ</b>” ဟု အနက္ေကာက္ျခင္း ျဖစ္သည္။)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">I wish/ If only (ေစခ်င္လိုက္တာ)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">I wish Mary was here now.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">ေမရီကို ဒီမွာ ရွိေစခ်င္လိုက္တာ။<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">If only the sun was shining at the moment. ( အခုေန ေနသာေစခ်င္လိုက္တာ)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <b><u><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">Discourse markers (စကားျဖည့္မ်ား)<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">          စကားေျပာရာတြင္လည္းေကာင္း၊ စာေရးရာတြင္လည္းေကာင္း စကားတစ္ခြန္း ႏွင့္ တစ္ခြန္း၊ စာေၾကာင္း တစ္ေၾကာင္းႏွင့္ တစ္ေၾကာင္း ၾကားတြင္ ပိုမို ေခ်ာေမြ႕ေစရန္ ျဖည့္ေပးေသာ စကားမ်ား ျဖစ္ပါသည္။ ဥပမာ -<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Zawgyi-One;">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">       </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">It is better <b>then</b>.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">ဒီလိုဆိုရင္လည္း ေကာင္းတာပဲ။<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">စကားျဖည့္ Discourse markers မ်ား အဂၤလိပ္စာတြင္ မ်ားစြာရွိပါသည္။ ၎တို႔အနက္မွ အသံုးဝင္မည့္၊ အသံုးမ်ားသည့္ စကားျဖည့္အခ်ိဳ႕ကို တင္ျပပါမည္။<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 2.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">talking about                     - ဒါနဲ႔ပတ္သက္လို႔ ေျပာရရင္<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 2.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">regarding                          - ဒါနဲ႔ပတ္သက္လို႔ ေျပာရရင္<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 2.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">as regards                         - ဒါနဲ႔ပတ္သက္လို႔ ေျပာရရင္<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 2.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">as far as … as concerned, as for     - ဒါနဲ႔ပတ္သက္လို႔ ေျပာရရင္<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 2.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">firstly, first of all, to begin with       - ပထမ အေနနဲ႔ <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 2.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">secondly                           - ဒုတိယ အေနနဲ႔<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 2.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">finally, last of all                 - ေနာက္ဆံုး အေနနဲ႔<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 2.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">for one thing                     - တစ္ခ်က္<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 2.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">for another thing                - အျခားတစ္ခ်က္က<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 2.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">similarly                            - အလားတူ<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 2.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">all the same                      - ဒါေပမဲ့<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 2.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">yet/ but                            - ဒါေပမဲ့<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 2.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">still                                  - အျခားတစ္ဖက္က<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 2.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">on the other hand              - အျခားတစ္ဖက္က<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 2.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">in particular                       - အထူးသျဖင့္<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 2.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">a part from                       - ဒါ့အျပင္<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 2.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">with the exception of          - ခၽြင္းခ်က္ အေနနဲ႔<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 2.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">So on and so forth             - စသည္ စသည္ျဖင့္<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 2.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">on the whole                     - ၿခံဳငံု ေျပာရရင္<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 2.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">in general                          - ေယဘုယ်အားျဖင့္<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 2.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">as a rule                           - ထံုစံအတိုင္း ကေတာ့<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 2.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">in most case, mostly          - မ်ားေသာအားျဖင့္<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 2.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">broadly speaking                - က်ယ္က်ယ္ျပန္႔ျပန္႔ ေျပာရရင္<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 2.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">frankly/ openly to say         - ပြင့္ပြင့္လင္းလင္း ေျပာရရင္<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 2.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">I mean                             - ကၽြန္ေတာ္ ဆိုလိုတာက<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 2.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">that is to say                     - အဲဒါက ဒီလိုဗ်ာ<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 2.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">in other words                   - တနည္းေျပာရရင္<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 2.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">any way, any how              - ဘယ္လိုပဲ ျဖစ္ျဖစ္ေပါ့<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 2.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">by the way                       - စကားမစပ္<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 2.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">I say!                               - ေအးဗ်ာ (စကားစေျပာရာတြင္သံုးသည္)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 2.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">incidentally                        - စကားမစပ္<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 2.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">I think/ I feel                     - ကၽြန္ေတာ့္ အထင္ေတာ့<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 2.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">I suppose                         - ကၽြန္ေတာ့္ အထင္ေတာ့<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 2.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">so to speak/ so to say        - ဆိုၾကပါစို႔<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 2.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">I sort of/ kind of believe     - ယံုတယ္လို႔ ဆိုပါေတာ့<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 2.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">No doubt                          - ဟုတ္တယ္မဟုတ္လားဗ်ာ<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 2.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">I’m afraid                          - ေျပာရမွာေတာ့ အားနာတယ္<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 2.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">true to                             - အညီ<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 2.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">hopefully                          - ေမွ်ာ္လင့္တဲ့အတိုင္းပဲ<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 2.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"> <!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shapetype id="_x0000_t88" coordsize="21600,21600" o:spt="88" adj="1800,10800" 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အမွန္ေျပာရရင္ေတာ့<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 2.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">to tell the truth<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 2.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";"><br /></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">          ေဖာ္ျပပါ စကားစုမ်ားကို ပိုမို သေဘာေပါက္ေစရန္ နမူနာ ဝါက်မ်ားျဖင့္ ရွင္းျပလွ်င္ ပိုမို ေကာင္းမြန္မည္ ျဖစ္ေသာ္လည္း ယခုတင္ျပခ်က္သည္ အႏွစ္ခ်ဳပ္ တင္ျပခ်က္ ျဖစ္သည့္အတြက္ ခ်န္လွပ္ထားခဲ့ပါသည္။ သို႔ေသာ္ လက္ေတြ႕ စာဖတ္ရာ တြင္လည္း ေတြ႕လာႏိုင္သည့္အတြက္  ခ်န္လွပ္ထားခဲ့ျခင္းျဖစ္ပါသည္။<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <br /> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">**************************************************************<o:p></o:p></span>**********</div>

ဝါက်ဖြဲ႔ထံုး အႏွစ္ခ်ဳပ္ - အပိုင္း (၇)

7.    It အမ်ားအားျဖင့္ ‘It’ ကို နာမ္စား(pronoun) အျဖစ္ အသိမ်ားၾကၿပီး ‘ထိုဟာ’ ၊ ‘၎’ ဟု အဓိပၸာယ္ ေကာက္ၾကပါသည္။ ‘It’ ကို နာမ္စား(pronoun...

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ဝါက်ဖြဲ႔ထံုး အႏွစ္ခ်ဳပ္ - အပိုင္း (၆)

<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcmX0ICJI0ENcKIqYWLtwRzLOXQ1qh4xmGt-059zwDyCwBc8kEKhg9GoQF-33_YypXCV4d6fykPT53otjJ-6wJAkYPdmx2-1mIGiNZDQ8fCVwHytZn6UjOykDVnu0eXz96XeMjOKBOwOU/s1600/COC6.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcmX0ICJI0ENcKIqYWLtwRzLOXQ1qh4xmGt-059zwDyCwBc8kEKhg9GoQF-33_YypXCV4d6fykPT53otjJ-6wJAkYPdmx2-1mIGiNZDQ8fCVwHytZn6UjOykDVnu0eXz96XeMjOKBOwOU/s1600/COC6.jpg" /></a></div> <div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"> <b><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Zawgyi-One;"><br /></span></b></div> <div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Zawgyi-One;">6.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;">   </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><u><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">To + V</span></u></b><b><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";"> <u><o:p></o:p></u></span></b></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 13.5pt;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">ဝါက်တြင္ To+V ကို Noun ႏွင့္ Adverb(Purpose) ေနရာ ၂ ခုတြင္ ေတြ႕ရတတ္ ပါသည္။ Noun ေနရာအတြက္ V+ing ကဲ့သို႔ပင္ ‘ျခင္း’ ဟု အနက္ေကာက္ၿပီး၊ Adverb(Purpose) ေနရာ အတြက္ ‘ဖို႔ရန္’ ဟု အနက္ေကာက္ပါသည္။ ဥပမာ -<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">I like <u>to read</u>.      <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">စာဖတ္ျခင္းကို ကၽြန္ေတာ္ ႏွစ္သစ္ သည္။<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">I go to market <u>to buy</u> something.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">တစ္ခုခု ဝယ္ဖို႔ရန္ အတြက္ ကၽြန္ေတာ္ ေစ်းသို႔ သြားသည္။<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">v<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">  </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">မွွတ္ခ်က္ ။  ။ V+ing ႏွင့္ To+V သည္ အၿမဲတမ္း အစားထိုးသံုး၍ မရသည္ကို သတိထားရမည္။ မည္သည့္ေနရာတြင္ V+ing သံုးရမည္၊  To+V သံုးရမည္ ကို သီးသန္႔ တင္ျပမွသာ လံုေလာက္မည္ ျဖစ္သျဖင့္ ဤေနရာတြင္ ခ်န္လွပ္ထားခဲ့ ပါသည္။<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">**************************************************************</span><span style="font-size: 14.666666984558105px; line-height: 17px;">*************</span><span style="font-size: 14.666666984558105px; line-height: 17px;">******</span>

ဝါက်ဖြဲ႔ထံုး အႏွစ္ခ်ဳပ္ - အပိုင္း (၆)

6.    To + V ဝါက်တြင္ To+V ကို Noun ႏွင့္ Adverb(Purpose) ေနရာ ၂ ခုတြင္ ေတြ႕ရတတ္ ပါသည္။ Noun ေနရာအတြက္ V+ing ကဲ့သို႔ပင္ ‘ျခင္း’ ဟု အ...

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ဝါက်ဖြဲ႔ထံုး အႏွစ္ခ်ဳပ္ - အပိုင္း (၅)

<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfRDNRl7eLymj4locE1BgJPSXAJZ978UZSSUf08UE2ENbOO649jfuMvlUl9rlTlSn5FGUgb2j_bt7bPF6O8IAimEHuIEVShDePrJdpOng0smxO5612uAsYqo-AwgjVeeQszGaRL8hZYtg/s1600/COC5.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfRDNRl7eLymj4locE1BgJPSXAJZ978UZSSUf08UE2ENbOO649jfuMvlUl9rlTlSn5FGUgb2j_bt7bPF6O8IAimEHuIEVShDePrJdpOng0smxO5612uAsYqo-AwgjVeeQszGaRL8hZYtg/s1600/COC5.jpg" /></a></div> <div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"> <b><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Zawgyi-One;"><br /></span></b></div> <div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"> <b><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Zawgyi-One;">5.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;">   </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><u><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">Verb + ed/ en</span></u></b><b><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";"> (V₃)<u><o:p></o:p></u></span></b></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">Verb + ed/ en (Past Participle)  သည္ V + ing ကဲ့သို႔ပင္ ဝါက်မ်ားတြင္ မၾကာခဏေတြ႕ရတတ္ ပါသည္။ Verb + ed/ en ကို ဝါက်တြင္ Adjective ႏွင့္ Adverb (Manner) ၂ ေနရာတြင္ ေတြ႕ရတတ္ၿပီး Adjective ေနရာတြင္ ရွိေသာ Verb+ed/en ကို ‘<b>ေသာ</b>’ ၊ Adverb(Manner) ေနရာတြင္ ရွိေသာ Verb+ed/en ကို ‘<b>လွ်က္</b>’ ျဖင့္ အနက္ေကာက္ရပါသည္။ ဥပမာ -<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">ပံုစံ(၁) ‘ေသာ’ ျဖင့္ အနက္ေကာက္ပံု<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">Verb+ed/en ၏ ေရွ႕တြင္ noun ရွိေနပါက Verb + ed/ en သည္ ၎ noun ကို အထူးျပဳသည့္အတြက္ Adjective ပံုစံျဖစ္ကာ ‘ေသာ’ ျဖင့္ အနက္ေကာက္ရပါသည္။<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">I saw a boy <b>beaten</b> by his mother.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">သူ႔အေမ႐ိုက္ျခင္းကို ခံရေသာ ေကာင္ေလးကို ကၽြန္ေတာ္ ေတြ႕ခဲ့ပါသည္။<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">The system <b>used </b>in this school is very successful.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">ဤေက်ာင္းတြင္ သံုးေသာ စနစ္သည္ အလြန္ ေအာင္ျမင္သည္။<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">ပံုစံ (၂) ‘လွ်က္’ ျဖင့္ အနက္ေကာက္ပံု<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">ဝါက်တြင္ ကတၱား (Subject) တစ္ခုတည္းပါသည္။ ထုိ ကတၱား (Subject) သည္ Clause ၏ ကံပုဒ္ (Object) ျဖစ္ေနလွ်င္ ‘လွ်က္’ ျဖင့္ အနက္ေကာက္သည္။<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">Used as a text book, this novel becomes popular.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">ျပ႒ာန္းစာအုပ္အျဖစ္ အသံုးျပဳလွ်က္ ဤဝတၳဳစာအုပ္သည္ လူႀကိဳက္မ်ားလာသည္။<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">She smiles pleased.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">သူ(မ) သေဘာက်လွ်က္ ၿပံဳးသည္။<o:p></o:p></span></div> <br /> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">**************************************************************<o:p></o:p></span>**********</div>

ဝါက်ဖြဲ႔ထံုး အႏွစ္ခ်ဳပ္ - အပိုင္း (၅)

5.    Verb + ed/ en (V 3 ) Verb + ed/ en (Past Participle)  သည္ V + ing ကဲ့သို႔ပင္ ဝါက်မ်ားတြင္ မၾကာခဏေတြ႕ရတတ္ ပါသည္။ Verb + ed/ en ...

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ဝါက်ဖြဲ႕ထံုး အႏွစ္ခ်ဳပ္ - အပိုင္း(၄)

<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1FFVn1zp-anpIitgDF9MNsjZisnZ1YWbAIoldfK9MWxBRIxHVmilxnyAgwzXSBKyXr7jKk5sqmgAnN3lTYw0wfIs5JK9YFFJnDsyScp3iXnSVQ8diQF05f5GSmKJ51Y7Br9J-KNkmIMk/s1600/COC4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1FFVn1zp-anpIitgDF9MNsjZisnZ1YWbAIoldfK9MWxBRIxHVmilxnyAgwzXSBKyXr7jKk5sqmgAnN3lTYw0wfIs5JK9YFFJnDsyScp3iXnSVQ8diQF05f5GSmKJ51Y7Br9J-KNkmIMk/s1600/COC4.jpg" /></a></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Zawgyi-One;">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;">   </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><u><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">Verb + ing<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">          ဝါက်တစ္ေၾကာင္းတြင္ တည္ရွိေနပံုကို လိုက္၍ ‘ျခင္း’ ၊  ‘ေသာ’ ၊ ‘ေသာေၾကာင့္’ ၊ ‘လွ်က္’ စသည္ျဖင့္ အဓိပၸာယ္ေကာက္ႏုိင္သည္။<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <u><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">ပံုစံ (၁) ‘ျခင္း’ ျဖင့္အနက္ေကာက္ပံု<o:p></o:p></span></u></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">ဝါက်တစ္ေၾကာင္းတြင္ Verb+ing သည္ Noun ၏ ေနရာမ်ားျဖစ္ေသာ Subject, Object, Complement ေနရာမ်ားတြင္ ရွိေနပါက ‘ျခင္း’ ျဖင့္ အနက္ေကာက္ ပါသည္။ <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <u><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">Reading</span></u><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";"> is a good habit.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">စာဖတ္ျခင္းသည္ ေကာင္းေသာ အေလ့အထ ျဖစ္သည္။<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">I like reading.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">စာဖတ္ျခင္းကို ကၽြန္ေတာ္ ႀကိဳက္တယ္။<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">My hobby is reading.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">ကၽြန္ေတာ့္ ဝါသနာသည္ စာဖတ္ျခင္းျဖစ္သည္။<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <u><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">ပံုစံ (၂) ‘ေသာ’ ျဖင့္အနက္ေကာက္ပံု<o:p></o:p></span></u></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">          V+ing သည္ ဝါက် တစ္ေၾကာင္းတြင္ရွိေသာ Noun မ်ား၏ အေနာက္တြင္ ရွိေနၿပီး ထို Noun မ်ားကို အထူးျပဳေသာ အေျခအေနတြင္ ‘ေသာ’ ျဖင့္ အနက္ေကာက္ ရသည္။<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">I saw a boy reading.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">စာဖတ္ေနေသာ ေကာင္ေလးကို ကၽြန္ေတာ္ေတြ႕ခဲ့သည္။<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <u><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">ပံုစံ (၃) ‘ေသာေၾကာင့္’ ျဖင့္အနက္ေကာက္ပံု<o:p></o:p></span></u></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">          ဝါက်တြင္ V+ing သည္ Adverb ပံုစံ အထူးသျဖင့္ အေၾကာင္းျပခ်က္(Reason) ကို ေဖာ္ျပေသာအခါ ‘ေသာေၾကာင့္’ ျဖင့္ အနက္ေကာက္ပါသည္။<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">Being so ill, he can’t go back to work yet.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">အျပင္းဖ်ားေသာေၾကာင့္ သူ အလုပ္ျပန္မဆင္းႏိုင္ေသးပါ။<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">Having invited him here to speak we’d better go to his lecture.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">ေဟာေျပာရန္ ဖိတ္ထားေသာေၾကာင့္ သူ႔ေဟာေျပာပြဲကို တို႔သြားဖို႔ေကာင္းတယ္။<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <u><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">ပံုစံ (၄) ‘လွ်က္’ ျဖင့္အနက္ေကာက္ပံု<o:p></o:p></span></u></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">          ဝါက်တြင္ Verb+ing သည္ main verb ကဲ့သို႔ပင္ Subject ၏ အလုပ္ကို ေဖာ္ျပေနလွ်င္ Verb+ing ကို ‘လွ်က္’       ျဖင့္ အနက္ေကာက္ရပါသည္။<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">I read the newspaper drinking coffee.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">ေကာ္ဖီေသာက္လွ်က္ သတင္းစာဖတ္တယ္။<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">I walk a long the street singing.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">သီခ်င္းဆိုလွ်က္ လမ္းေလွ်ာက္တယ္။<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">ေဖာ္ျပပါ ပံုစံ (၄)မ်ိဳးအျပင္ <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">Verb+ing ကို on ႏွင့္ ေပါင္းစပ္လွ်င္ ‘ေသာအခါ’ ဟု အနက္ေကာက္ရပါသည္။ ဥပမာ -<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">On arriving at Yangon Air port, he was very happy.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">ရန္ကုန္ေလဆိပ္သို႔ေရာက္ေသာအခါ သူ အလြန္ေပ်ာ္သြားသည္။<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">Verb+ing ကို in ႏွင့္ ေပါင္းစပ္လွ်င္ ‘စဥ္တြင္’ ဟု အနက္ေကာက္ရပါသည္။ ဥပမာ -<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">In arriving at Yangon Air port, he was arrested.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">ရန္ကုန္ေလဆိပ္သို႔ ေရာက္စဥ္တြင္ သူအဖမ္းခံလိုက္ရသည္။<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <br /> <div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">v<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">  </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">‘On+Ving’ ႏွင့္ ‘In+Ving’ ပံုစံမ်ားကိုလည္း မၾကာခဏေတြ႔ရမည္ ျဖစ္ေသာေၾကာင့္ သတိထားေစလိုပါသည္။<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";"><br /></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"> ************************************************************************</div>

ဝါက်ဖြဲ႕ထံုး အႏွစ္ခ်ဳပ္ - အပိုင္း(၄)

4.    Verb + ing           ဝါက်တစ္ေၾကာင္းတြင္ တည္ရွိေနပံုကို လိုက္၍ ‘ျခင္း’ ၊  ‘ေသာ’ ၊ ‘ေသာေၾကာင့္’ ၊ ‘လွ်က္’ စသည္ျဖင့္ အဓိပၸာယ္ေကာက္...

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ဝါက်ဖြဲ႕ထံုး အႏွစ္ခ်ဳပ္ - အပိုင္း(၃)

<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"> <span style="font-family: Zawgyi-One, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiENNxlHrr9vmrL4nSJIFENW9hdw_Qgo-ja1erHyRo2viBglXzaBajeB3ipoo3KJW4zs_TW47wAcZNXpFt2HEQxtoWVCd0VQnFo_YKaFDDVq9eGF4vElAYV7q3hdpLbuqGLgqnTZ-3lyQA/s1600/COC3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiENNxlHrr9vmrL4nSJIFENW9hdw_Qgo-ja1erHyRo2viBglXzaBajeB3ipoo3KJW4zs_TW47wAcZNXpFt2HEQxtoWVCd0VQnFo_YKaFDDVq9eGF4vElAYV7q3hdpLbuqGLgqnTZ-3lyQA/s1600/COC3.jpg" /></a></div> <div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"> <span style="font-family: Zawgyi-One, sans-serif;">3. <u style="font-weight: bold;">Clauses</u></span><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";"> <b>(ဝါက်ခြဲ)</b><o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">ဝါက်၏ အစိတ္အပိုင္းတစ္ခု ျဖစ္ၿပီး ကတၱား (Subject) ႏွင့္ ႀကိယာ (Verb) ပါဝင္ေသာလည္း အဓိပၸာယ္ မျပည့္စံုေသာ စကားစုကို Clauses ဟုေခၚပါသည္။ Clause တြင္လည္း တည္ရွိသည့္ေနရာ အေပၚမူတည္ကာ (၃) မ်ိဳးရွိပါသည္။ ၎တို႔မွာ -<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Zawgyi-One;">1)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">    </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">Noun Clause<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Zawgyi-One;">2)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">    </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">Adjective Clause<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Zawgyi-One;">3)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">    </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">Adverb Clause<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <u><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">Noun Clause [S, O, C]<o:p></o:p></span></u></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">          who, that, what, how, when, where စသည္ကဲ့သို႔ေသာ စကားဆက္မ်ား တစ္ခုခု ဝါက်ခြဲ(Clause)၏ ေရွ႕ဆံုးတြင္ ရွိတတ္ၿပီး အနက္ေကာက္ရာတြင္ Phrase ကဲ့သို႔ပင္ Subject ေနရာအတြက္ “<b>သည္ (ဆိုတာ)</b>”၊ Object ေနရာအတြက္ “<b>ကို၊ (ဆိုတာကို) </b>”၊ Complement ေနရာအတြက္ “<b>သည္</b>” ဟု အဓိပၸာယ္ ေကာက္ပါသည္။ ဥပမာ - <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <b><u><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">That the match will be cancelled</span></u></b><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";"> is now certain.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <b><i>             </i></b><i>Noun Clause (S)<o:p></o:p></i></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">ၿပိဳင္ပြဲ ဖ်က္မယ္ <u>ဆိုတာ</u> အခု ေသခ်ၿပီ။<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">I know <b><u>that the match will be cancelled</u>.<o:p></o:p></b></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">                 <i>Noun Clause (O)<o:p></o:p></i></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">ျပိဳင္ပြဲဖ်က္မယ္ <u>ဆိုတာကို</u> ငါသိတယ္။<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <b><u><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">Whether he has singed the contract</span></u></b><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";"> doesn’t matter.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <i>              Noun Clause (S)<o:p></o:p></i></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">စာခ်ဳပ္ကို သူလက္မွတ္ထိုးၿပီးၿပီလား/ မထိုးရေသးဘူးလား ဆို ျပႆနာ မဟုတ္ပါ။<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">I want to know <b><u>whether he has singed the contract</u></b>.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <i>                                       Noun Clause (O)<o:p></o:p></i></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">စာခ်ဳပ္ကို သူလက္မွတ္ထိုးၿပီးၿပီလား/ မထိုးရေသးဘူးလား <u>ဆိုတာကို</u> ငါသိခ်င္တယ္။<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <b><u><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">When he did it</span></u></b><b><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";"> </span></b><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">is a mystery.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <i>  N Clause (S)<o:p></o:p></i></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">ဘယ္အခ်ိန္မွာ အဲဒါကို သူလုပ္ခဲ့တာ <u>ဆိုတာသည္</u> သိဖို႔ခက္ခဲတဲ့ ကိစၥျဖစ္တယ္။<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">I wonder <b><u>when he did it</u></b>.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <i>                 N Clause (O)<o:p></o:p></i></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">အဲဒါကို သူဘယ္အခ်ိန္လုပ္ခဲ့တယ္ <u>ဆိုတာကို</u> ငါသိခ်င္တယ္။<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <b><u><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">When he comes</span></u></b><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";"> depends on your decision.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <i>   N Clause (S)<o:p></o:p></i></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">သူဘယ္အခ်ိန္လာမယ္ <u>ဆိုတာသည္</u> မင္းရဲ႕ဆံုးျဖတ္ခ်က္ အေပၚတြင္ မူတည္သည္။<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">I know <b><u>who you are</u></b>.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <i>            N Clause (O)<o:p></o:p></i></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">မင္းဘယ္သူလဲ <u>ဆိုတာကို</u> ငါသိတယ္။<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">Let me know <b><u>how he comes back</u></b>.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <i>                        N Clause (O)<o:p></o:p></i></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">သူဘယ္လို ျပန္လာမလဲ <u>ဆိုတာကို</u> ငါသိပါရေစ။<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <u><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">Adjective Clause [ only after noun]<o:p></o:p></span></u></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">          who, that, which, whose ကဲ့သို႔ေသာ relative conjunction မ်ားကို Clause ၏ ေရွ႕တြင္ ရွိၿပီး Noun ၏ အေနာက္တြင္ေနကာ Adjective နာမဝိေသသန အလုပ္ကို လုပ္သည္။ အဓိပၸာယ္ကို “<b>ေသာ</b>” ျဖင့္ ေကာက္ရပါသည္။ ဥပမာ-<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">The government <b>which promises to cut the taxes</b> will be popular.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"> <b>အခြန္ေလ်ာ့ရန္ ကတိျပဳေသာ</b><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";"> အစိုးရသည္ လူႀကိဳက္မ်ားလိမ့္မည္။<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">Mg Mg is the man<b> who lives my next door.</b><o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">ကၽြန္ေတာ့္ႏွင့္ <b>ကပ္လွ်က္အခန္းတြင္ေနေသာ</b> သူသည္ ေမာင္ေမာင္ ျဖစ္သည္။<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">He is the man <b>whose car was stolen</b>.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"> <b>ကားအခိုးခံရေသာ</b><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";"> လူသည္ သူျဖစ္သည္။<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">A doctor examined the astronauts <b>who returned from the space today</b>.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"> <b>ယေန႔ အာကာသမွ ျပန္လာေသာ</b><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";"> ေလသူရဲကို ဆရာဝန္က စစ္ေဆးသည္။<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">The millionaire <b>whose son ran away form home a week ago</b> has made a public appeal.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"> <b>လြန္ခဲ့သည့္ တစ္ပတ္ေလာက္က သူ႔သား အိမ္မွ ထြက္ေျပးသြားေသာ</b><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";"> သန္းၾကြယ္သူေဌးႀကီးက ျပည္သူမ်ားကို ေမတၱာရပ္ခံလိုက္သည္။<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"> <b><u><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">မွတ္ခ်က္</span></u></b><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">     Clause ၏ ေရွ႕က အထူးျပဳျခင္းခံရေသာ Noun သည္ Clause ၏ Object ျဖစ္ေနလွ်င္ Clause တြင္ပါေသာ စကားဆက္(Conjuction)ကို ျဖဳတ္ကာ ေရးႏိုင္သည္။ ဥပမာ-<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">This is the photo <b>that/ which I took</b>.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;"> <b>ငါ ႐ုိက္ထားေသာ </b><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">ဓါတ္ပံုသည္ ဤဟာ ျဖစ္သည္။<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">ဤဝါက်တြင္ အထူးျပဳျခင္းခံရေသာ Noun ျဖစ္သည့္ phot သည္ ေနာက္က အထူးျပဳေသာ Clause ၏ Object ျဖစ္ေနေသာေၾကာင့္ စကားဆက္ (Conjunction) “that/ which” ကို ျဖဳတ္ကာ ေအာက္ပါအတိုင္းေရးႏိုင္သည္။<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">This is the photo <b>I took</b>.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">v<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">  </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">Adjective Clause မ်ားတြင္ Conjuction ၏ ေရွ႕တြင္ တစ္ခါတစ္ရံ Preposition မ်ား တြဲပါ တတ္ပါသည္။ “<b>ေသာ</b>” ျဖင့္သာ အနက္ေကာက္ရပါမည္။ ဥပမာ -<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">The person <u>to</u> <b>whom I complained</b> is the manager.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">ကၽြန္ေတာ္ <b>မေက်နပ္ေၾကာင္းသြားေျပာေသာ</b> ပုဂၢိဳလ္သည္ မန္ေနဂ်ာျဖစ္သည္။<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">This is the pan <u>in</u> <b>which I boiled the milk</b>.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">ကၽြန္ေတာ္ <b>ႏြားႏို႔က်ိဳေသာ</b> အိုးသည္ ဤဟာျဖစ္သည္။<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">  </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">Adjective Clause သည္ time, place ႏွင့္ reason မ်ားကိုလည္း အထူးျပဳႏိုင္ ပါသည္။<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">1979 was the year <u>in</u> <b>which my son was born</b>.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"> <b>ကၽြန္ေတာ့္သားေမြးေသာ</b><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";"> ႏွစ္သည္ ၁၉၇၉ ခုႏွစ္ ျဖစ္သည္။<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">This is the place <u>in</u> <b>which I grew up</b>. [in which= where]<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"> <b>ကၽြန္ေတာ္ အရြယ္ေရာက္ခဲ့ေသာ</b><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";"> ေနရာသည္ ဤေနရာ ျဖစ္သည္။<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"> <b><u><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">Adverb Clause [M, P, T, R, P, C, C, Q]<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">          Adverb Phrase တြင္ ပံုေသ ေနရာ အတိအက်မရွိသကဲ့သို႔ Adverb Clause တြင္လည္း ပံုေသာေနရာအတိအက် မရွိပါ။ သို႔ရာတြင္ လုပ္ေဆာင္ခ်က္ အေပၚတြင္ မူတည္ကာ Adverb Clause ကို အေျခခံအားျဖင့္ ၉ မ်ိဳးေတြ႕ႏိုင္ပါသည္။ ၎တို႔မွာ -<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"> <b>Adverb Clause of Manner [M]<o:p></o:p></b></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Zawgyi-One;">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">       </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">Type this again <b>as I showed you a moment ago</b>.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"> <b>ခုနက ငါျပထားတဲ့အတိုင္း</b><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";"> ဒါကို ျပန္႐ိုက္ပါ။<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"> <u><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">အမူအယာျပ စကားဆက္မ်ား<o:p></o:p></span></u></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 2.0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">as                                   - အတိုင္း/ သလို<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 2.0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">how/ the way                    - အတိုင္း/ သလို<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 2.0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">the way in which                - အတိုင္း/ သလို<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 2.0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">in the same way                - ဤနည္းအတိုင္း<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 2.0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">as if                                 - ဘိသကဲ့သို႔<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 2.0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">as though                         - ဘိသကဲ့သို႕<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"> <b>Adverb Clause of Place [P]<o:p></o:p></b></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">You can’t live <b>where you like</b>.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">မင္းႀကိဳက္တဲ့ေနရာမွာ ေနလို႔မရပါ။<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"> <u><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">ေနရာျပ စကားဆက္မ်ား<o:p></o:p></span></u></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 2.0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">wherever                          - ဘယ္ေနရာျဖစ္ျဖစ္<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 2.0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">anywhere                          - မည္သည့္ေနရာမဆို<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 2.0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">everywhere                       - ေနရာတကာ<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"> <b>Adverb Clause of Time [T]<o:p></o:p></b></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">Tell him <b>as soon as he arrives</b>.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">သူေရာက္ရင္<b> ေရာက္ျခင္း</b> သူ႔ကို ေျပာလိုက္ပါ။<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;"> <u><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">အခ်ိန္ျပ စကားဆက္မ်ား<o:p></o:p></span></u></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 2.0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">as soon as                        - လွ်င္ … လွ်င္ျခင္း<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 2.0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">when                               - ေသာအခါ<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 2.0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">after                                - ၿပီးေနာက္<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 2.0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">as                                   - စဥ္တြင္<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 2.0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">as long as                         - လွ်င္<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 2.0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">before                              - မတိုင္မီ<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 2.0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">by the time                       - အဲဒီအခ်ိန္ေလာက္မွာ (when)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 2.0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">during                              - အေတာအတြင္း<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 2.0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">once                                - ဆိုရင္ပဲ<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 2.0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">since                                - ကတည္းက<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 2.0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">no sooner than                  - လွ်င္ …… လွ်င္ျခင္း<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 2.0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">until/ till                            - တိုင္ေအာင္<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 2.0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">whenever                          - ဘယ္အခါပဲျဖစ္ျဖစ္<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 2.0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">while                                - စဥ္တြင္<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 2.0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 2.0in; text-align: justify;"> <b>Once you’re seen one penguin</b><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">, you’ve seen them all.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 2.0in; text-align: justify;"> <b><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">ပင္ဂြင္းတစ္ေကာင္းကို ျမင္ဖူးတယ္ <u>ဆိုရင္ပ</u>ဲ<u> </u></span></b><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">ခင္ဗ်ား အကုန္ျမင္ဖူးတာပဲေပါ့။<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 2.0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 2.0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">You can keep these records<b> as long as you like</b>.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 2.0in; text-align: justify;"> <b>ခင္ဗ်ားသေဘာက်<u>လွ်င္</u> </b><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">ဒီဓါတ္ျပားကို သိမ္းထားႏိုင္ပါတယ္။<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 2.0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 2.0in; text-align: justify;"> <b>Adverb Clause of Reason [R]<o:p></o:p></b></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 2.0in; text-align: justify;"> <b>As/ Because/ Since there was very little support</b><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">, the strike was not successful.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 2.0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">ေထာက္ခံမႈ အနည္းငယ္သာရ<u>ေသာေၾကာင့္</u> သပိတ္သည္ မေအာင္ျမင္ပါ။<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 2.0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 2.0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">Mg Hla doesn’t come today <b>because he is not feeling well</b>.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 2.0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">ေနမေကာင္း<u>ေသာေၾကာင့္</u> ေမာင္လွ ဒီေန႔ မလာပါ။<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 2.0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;"> <u><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">အေၾကာင္းျပခ်က္ စကားဆက္မ်ား<o:p></o:p></span></u></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 2.0in;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">seeing that                        = ေသာေၾကာင့္<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 2.0in;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">for                                   = ေသာေၾကာင့္<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 2.0in; text-align: justify;"> <b>Adverb Clause of Purpose [P]<o:p></o:p></b></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">          ရည္ရြယ္ခ်က္ကို ျပေသာ စကားဆက္မ်ားျဖစ္ေသာ ‘ေစရန္’ ၊  ‘အလို႔ငွာ’ ၊ ‘စိုးလို႔’  ဟုအနက္ရေသာ စကားဆက္မ်ားျဖစ္သည့္ so that, in order that, in case, lest and fear that တို႔ျဖင့္ေရးသားေသာ Clauses မ်ားျဖစ္သည္။ ဥပမာ -<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">I’ve arrived early <b>so that I will get a good view</b>.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">ျမင္ကြင္းေကာင္းေကာင္းရ <b>ေစရန္</b> ငါ ေစာေစာေရာက္တယ္။<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">I arrived early <b>so as not to miss anything</b>.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">ဘယ္အရာမွ လက္မလြတ္သြားေစရန္ <b>အလို႔ငွာ</b> ငါ ေစာေစာေရာက္သည္။<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <b>in case, lest, for fear that </b><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">အဆိုပါစကားဆက္မ်ားသည္ ‘<b>စိုးလို႔</b>’ ဟု အနက္ရပါသည္။<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">I asked them to ring first <b>lest we were out.</b><o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">ငါတို႔အျပင္ေရာက္ေနမွာ <b>စိုးလို႔</b> အရင္ဖံုးဆက္ဖို႔ သူတို႔ကို မွွာထားတယ္။<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <b>Adverb Clause of Conditional [C]</b><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">          အေျခအေနျပ စကားဆက္မ်ားပါေသာ Clauses မ်ားျဖစ္သည္။ ဥပမာ -<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <b>If the rain stops</b><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">, we’ll be able to go for a walk.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">မိုးတိတ္<u>လွ်င္</u> ငါတို႔လမ္းေလွ်ာက္ထြက္ႏိုင္တာေပါ့။<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">အေျခအေနေပး စကားဆက္မ်ား ႏွင့္ ပတ္သက္၍ ‘if’ အေၾကာင္းကို အနည္းငယ္ တင္ျပရန္လိုအပ္ပါသည္။ အက်ယ္ကို သိလိုပါလွ်င္ အလြန္မ်ားျပားေသာေၾကာင့္ သီးသန္႔ ေခါင္းစဥ္ျဖင့္ ေရးမွသာ ျပည့္စံုပါလိမ့္မည္။ ဤ Adverb Clause of Conditional က႑တြင္ စာဖတ္သူမ်ား ျမန္မာ ျပန္ဆိုရာတြင္ လြယ္ကူေစ႐ုံသာ တင္ျပသြားပါမည္။<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">‘<b>if</b>’ ကို အေျခခံအားျဖင့္ ပံုစံ (၃) မ်ိဳးေတြ႕ႏိုင္ပါသည္။ ၎တို႔မွာ -<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Zawgyi-One;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">    </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">If + S + present, S + will + v.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"> <b>If I lose my job</b><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">, I will go abroad.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">အလုပ္မရွိရင္ ငါ ႏိုင္ငံျခားသြားမယ္။<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Zawgyi-One;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">    </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">If + S + past, S + would + v.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"> <b>If I lost my job</b><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">, I would go abroad.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">ငါသာ အလုပ္မရွိခဲ့ရင္ ႏိုင္ငံျခားသြားမွာ။<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">(အခု အလုပ္ရွိတယ္ သြားဖို႔ မလိုပါ။)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Zawgyi-One;">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">    </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">If + S + had+ past participle, S + would have + past participle.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"> <b>If I had lost my job</b><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">, I would have gone abroad.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">အလုပ္သာမရွိရင္ ငါ ႏိုင္ငံျခားသြားေကာင္း သြားရမယ္။<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">(အလုပ္လည္းရွိ၊ လစာလည္းေကာင္း၍ သြားရန္ ျဖစ္ႏိုင္ေျခ မရွိသေလာက္ အေျခအေနကို ျပသည္။)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">‘<b>if</b>’ ကို ‘ရင္’ ၊ ‘လွ်င္’ ျဖင့္သာ အဓိပၸာယ္ ေကာက္ရပါသည္။<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">          ေဖာ္ျပပါ ပံုစံ (၃) မ်ိဳးမွ ခြဲထြက္လာေသာ ပံုစံကြဲမ်ား မ်ားစြာရိွပါသည္။ ၎တို႔အနက္မွ စာဖတ္သူ အခက္အခဲ ျဖစ္ေစႏိုင္ေသာ ပံုစံကို အနည္းငယ္ တင္ျပပါမည္။<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">ပံုစံ (၁)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <b>If + should<o:p></o:p></b></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <b>If he should</b><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";"> call, tell him I’ll ring back.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">သူဖံုးေခၚရင္ ငါ ျပန္ဆက္မယ္လို႔ ေျပာလိုက္။<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">အထက္ပါပံုစံ <b>If + should </b>ကို <b>If</b> ျဖဳတ္ကာ ေရးႏိုင္ပါသည္။<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <b>Should he call</b><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">, tell him I’ll ring back. (အဓိပၸာယ္အတူတူပင္ ျဖစ္ပါသည္။)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">ပံုစံ(၂)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">Imperative + Conjunction + Clause<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">အမိန္႔ေပး/ ခိုင္းေစ + စကားဆက္ + ဝါက်ခြဲ <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">(အနက္ေကာက္ေသာအခါ ‘<b>လွ်င္</b>’ ျဖင့္သာ ေကာက္ရမည္။) ဥပမာ -<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <b>Fail to pay and</b><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">, they’ll cut off the electricity.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">ေငြေပးဖို႔ ပ်က္ကြက္လွ်င္ သူတို႔ကို မီးျဖတ္လိမ့္မယ္။<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <b>Tell us what to do and</b><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">, we’ll get on with it.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">ကၽြန္ေတာ္တို႔ ဘာလုပ္ရမလဲဆိုတာ ေျပာရင္ ကၽြန္ေတာ္တို႔ ဆက္လုပ္မွာေပါ့။<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <b>Stop eating sweets, or</b><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";"> you won’t get any dinner.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">အခ်ိဳေတြစားတာ မရပ္ဘူးဆိုရင္ မင္း ညစာစားလို႔ရမွာ မဟုတ္ဘူး။<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <b>Take a taxi, or</b><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";"> you will miss the train.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">အငွားယဥ္ မေခၚဘူးဆိုရင္ မင္း ရထားလြတ္သြားလိမ့္မယ္။<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">ပံုစံ(၃)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <b>If + were to + would<o:p></o:p></b></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <b>If the government were to cut tax</b><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">, price would fall.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">အစိုးရကသာ အခြန္ေလွ်ာ့ရင္ ေစ်းက်မွာ။ ( အစိုးရက အခြန္မေလွ်ာ့)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">၎ဝါက်ကို ‘if’ ျဖဳတ္ကာ were ေရွ႕ထုတ္ၿပီးေရးႏိုင္ပါသည္။ (အဓိပၸာယ္တူပါသည္။)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <b>Were the government to cut tax</b><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">, price would fall.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">ပံုစံ(၄)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <b>Had + S + Past Participle<o:p></o:p></b></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">မူရင္းပံုစံ (၃) – If + S + had + Past Participle ကို ‘if’ ျဖဳတ္ၿပီး ေရးထားျခင္း ျဖစ္သည္။ ( အဓိပၸာယ္ အတူတူပင္ ျဖစ္သည္။) ဥပမာ -<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <b>Had the management acted sooner</b><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">, the strike wouldn’t have happened.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">အုပ္ခ်ဳပ္ေရးဌာနက အလွ်င္အျမန္ေဆာင္ရြက္ခဲ့လွ်င္ သပိတ္တိုက္ပြဲ ျဖစ္စရာ အေၾကာင္းမရွိပါ။ ( အုပ္ခ်ဳပ္ေရးဌာနက ဘာမွ မေဆာင္ရြက္ခဲ့)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <b>‘If’ ႏွင့္ အနက္တူေသာ စကားဆက္မ်ား</b><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 2.0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">as long as                         - လွ်င္<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 2.0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">assuming that                    - လွ်င္<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 2.0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">even if                             - ဆိုရင္ေတာင္မွ<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 2.0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">if only                              - သို႔မွသာ<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 2.0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">on the condition that           - လွ်င္<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 2.0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">provided/ providing that      - လွ်င္<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 2.0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">so long as                         - လွ်င္<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 2.0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">if not/ unless                     - မဟုတ္ဘူးဆိုရင္<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 2.0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">suppose that                     - လွ်င္<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 2.0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">supposing that                   - လွ်င္<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 2.0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">what if                             - ဆိုရင္ေကာ<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 2.0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">say                                  - ဆိုရင္ေကာ<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 2.0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">if so                                 - ဒီလိုဆိုရင္<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 2.0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">in that case                       - ဒီလိုဆိုရင္<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 2.0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">then                                 - ဒီလိုဆိုရင္<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 2.0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 2.0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">အထက္ပါ စကားဆက္ပံုစံမ်ားအတြက္ နမူနာ ဝါက် အနည္းငယ္ တင္ျပပါမည္။<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 2.0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">What if/ Say he gets home before us and can’t get in?<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 2.0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">သူ ကၽြန္ေတာ္တို႔ အရင္အိမ္ေရာက္ေနရင္ေကာ သူအိမ္ထဲဝင္ႏိုင္ပါ့မလား။<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 2.0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 2.0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">He may be busy, if so, (in that case) I’ll call later.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 2.0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">သူအလုပ္မ်ားႏုိင္တယ္။ ဒီလိုဆိုရင္ ကၽြန္ေတာ္ေနာက္မွ ျပန္ဆက္လိုက္မယ္။<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 2.0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 2.0in; text-align: justify;"> <b>‘if’ အစားသံုးေသာ အျခားပရိယာယ္မ်ား<o:p></o:p></b></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 2.0in; text-align: justify;"> <b>With luck</b><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">, we’ll be there by tomorrow.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 2.0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">ကံေကာင္ရင္ေတာ့ မနက္ျဖန္ ကၽြန္ေတာ္တို႔ ေရာက္လိမ့္မယ္။<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 2.0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 2.0in; text-align: justify;"> <b>Give time</b><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">, they’ll probably agree.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 2.0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">သူတို႔ကို အခ်ိန္ေပးမယ္ဆိုရင္ သူတို႔ သေဘာတူမွာပါ။<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 2.0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 2.0in; text-align: justify;"> <b>To hear him talk</b><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">, you’d think he was a Prime Minister.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 2.0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">သူ႔စကားသံကို ခင္ဗ်ားၾကားလို႔ရရင္ သူ႔ကို ဝန္ႀကီးခ်ဳပ္လို႔ေတာာင္ ထင္မွာ။<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 2.0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 2.0in; text-align: justify;"> <b>Without you help</b><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">, I couldn’t have done it.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 2.0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">ခင္ဗ်ားအကူအညီသာမရရင္ အဲဒါ ကၽြန္ေတာ္လုပ္လို႔ ရမွာ မဟုတ္ဘူး။<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 2.0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 2.0in; text-align: justify;"> <b>In different circumstance</b><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">, I would have said yes.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 2.0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">အေျခအေနသာ အေျပာင္းအလဲရွိမယ္ဆိုရင္ ဟုတ္ကဲ့ လို႔ ကၽြန္ေတာ္ ေျပာမိမွာ။<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <b>Adverb Clause of Comparison [C]</b><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">ႏိႈင္းယွဥ္ျပ စကားဆက္မ်ားျဖစ္ေသာ ‘သေလာက္’ ၊ ‘ထက္’ ဟု အဓိပၸာယ္ ရေသာ စကားဆက္မ်ားျဖစ္သည့္ ‘as … as’, ‘more … than’, less …than’ တို႔ျဖင့္ ေရးသားထားေသာ Clauses မ်ားျဖစ္သည္။ ဥပမာ -<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">She is as beautiful <b>as an actress</b>.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">မင္းသမီးတစ္ေယာက္ လွသေလာက္ သူ လွပါတယ္။<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">He is not <b>so tall as his brother</b>.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">သူ႔ညီ အရပ္ရွည္သေလာက္ သူ အရပ္မရွည္ပါ။<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">Airplane is <b>faster than car</b>.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">ကားထက္ ေလယဥ္ပ်ံက ပိုျမန္တယ္။<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">The more you practise the better you get.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">မင္းေလ့က်င့္ေလေလ ပိုကၽြမ္းက်င္ေလေလ ပဲ။<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <b>Adverb Clause of Contract [C]<o:p></o:p></b></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">          ဆန္႔က်င္ဖက္ အဓိပၸာယ္ ျဖစ္ေစေသာ ‘သို႔ေပမယ့္’ ၊ ‘ေသာ္ျငားလည္း’ စေသာ စကားဆက္မ်ားျဖစ္သည့္ although, considering that, though, even though, even if, much as …, while, where as, how ever much/ badly/ good, no matter how စသည္တုိ႔ျဖင့္ ေရးသားထားေသ Clause မ်ားျဖစ္သည္။ ဥပမာ -<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <b>Although he works hard</b><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">, he doesn’t get success.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">သူ ႀကိဳးစားေပမယ့္ ေအာင္ျမင္မႈ မရဘူး။<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">I intend to go to Bagan, <b>even if bus fares goes up again.<o:p></o:p></b></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">ကားခ တက္သြားေပမယ့္ ပုဂံကို သြားဖို႔စိတ္ကူးတယ္။<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <b>Much as I’d like to help</b><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">, there isn’t a lot I can do.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">ကၽြန္ေတာ္ ကူညီခ်င္ေပမယ့္ အမ်ားႀကီးေတာ့ မတတ္ႏိုင္ဘူး။<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <b>Adverb Clause of Qualification [Q]</b><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">          အက်ိဳးျပ စကားဆက္မ်ားျဖစ္ေသာ ‘ေလာက္ေအာင္ကို’ ဟု အနက္ရသည့္ ‘so … that’, ‘such … that’ စသည့္ တို႔ျဖင့္ေရးေသာ Clauses မ်ားျဖစ္သည္။ ဥပမာ -<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">His reactions are <b>so </b>quick<b> that </b>no one can match him.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">သူ႔ကို မည္သူမွ် မယွဥ္ႏိုင္ေလာက္ေအာင္ကို သူ႔တုန္႔ျပန္မႈမ်ားက ျမန္ဆန္တယ္။<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">They are <b>such </b>wonderful players<b> that </b>no one can beat them.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">ဘယ္သူကမွ သူတို႔ကို မႏိုင္ေလာက္ေအာင္ကို ေတာ္ေသာ အားကစားသမားမ်ား ျဖစ္သည္။<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">v<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">  </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">Adverb Clauses မ်ားသည္ အမ်ိဳးအစား အမ်ားဆံုးႏွင့္ အသံုးအမ်ားဆံုး ေတြ႔ရမည္ ျဖစ္ေသာေၾကာင့္ ထပ္ခါ ထပ္ခါ ဖတ္ကာ ေလ့က်င့္ေစလိုပါသည္။<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <br /> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">**************************************************************<o:p></o:p></span>**********</div>

ဝါက်ဖြဲ႕ထံုး အႏွစ္ခ်ဳပ္ - အပိုင္း(၃)

3.  Clauses (ဝါက်ခြဲ) ဝါက်၏ အစိတ္အပိုင္းတစ္ခု ျဖစ္ၿပီး ကတၱား (Subject) ႏွင့္ ႀကိယာ (Verb) ပါဝင္ေသာလည္း အဓိပၸာယ္ မျပည့္စံုေသာ စကားစ...

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